Osteochondrosis is a complex of seriously degenerative-dystrophic destruction of cartilage tissue located between the vertebrae. In this pathological phenomenon, the discs themselves are affected, their height changes, bone tissue is damaged in the cervical region.Pathology has similar symptoms with some diseasesSThe main thing is to notice the first signals of the body in time and to undergo diagnostics with the necessary treatment, otherwise osteochondrosis will begin to progress, cause migraines and disorders of the bloodstream. In general, pathology develops in people who have reduced motor activity. This is due to the fact that the exchange of mineral salts in the body is disturbed, which causes thinning of the connective tissue as well as a decrease in their strength.
Causal factors for the onset of the disease
The neck is the most moving part of the body, so it is experiencing a constant load as it is obliged to hold the head in a certain position. Some factors can have a negative effect on this area of the body and form inflammatory processes in the connective tissues of the body.
The reasons for the development of pathological deviations in the cervical vertebrae are:
- inconsistency with the rules of power, which is why it is a set of excess weight;
- Functional change in the skeletal muscle system;
- Hypodinamia;
- injury to the neck or spine;
- excessive physical pressure on the spine;
- stress;
- physical long -term tension of the cervical muscle frame;
- heredity;
- Anomalies in bone development.
All these factors have a negative effect on the vertebrae of the cervical region, creating a pressure that leads to an involuntary reduction of the tonic tones of smooth and skeletal muscles. Which leads to the formation of hemodiccilative processes, slowing the functions of metabolism, the development of dysfunctions and degenerative changes in cartilage. The vertebrae begin to deform, gaining a non -standard shape and often going beyond the spine.
Symptoms of the disease
The very initial stage of the pathological process is clearly visible from some signs.
- Cephalgic syndromeSIt is formed during cerebral angiospasm, squeezing cerebrospinal cerebral nerves, as well as against the background of involuntarily intracranial hypertension. It spreads through the back of the head, the neck affecting the area of the shoulder and upper limbs. Pain syndrome may resemble prolonged increase in blood pressure (hypertension), attack of angina pectoris, disorder of cerebral circulation and manifests itself in the form of paroxysmal, constant or pulsating nature. Anxiety can increase, mood swings occur, concentration of attention decreases, one becomes irritable, touching;
- Dizziness occurs, the coordination of movements is disturbedSEverything is accompanied by tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, disorientation occurs. This is not always a sign of this pathology, as it can manifest as a result of average or internal environment of otitis media, cardiac disorders, cerebral angiospasm or impaired nerve cell function. Also, dizziness is often noted by vestibular disorder;
Important!There are two types of dizziness. With non -systematic dizziness, the cumulative cumulative, for a person, is difficult to be upright. But at the same time, the objects that fall into the view do not rotate. And with the systematic, the circular motion of all objects is manifested, which shows disorders in the work of the vestibular apparatus, visual perception, muscle spasms. This is a hallmark of dizziness for osteochondrosis.
- neckSThe sensations of pain are localized not only in the muscle tissues but also in the shoulders, including the upper limbs. The onset of pain develops suddenly and lasts for a long time and may have a short period. If the disease does not become relapse, then the pain passes after a while until there is a concomitant slight specific sound (crunch);
- Arterial hypertensionSWhen the nerve endings are pressed, a sharp jump in blood pressure appears. Therefore, if increased pressure is observed for a long time, it is not a symptom of osteochondrosis. The high pressure of this disease is combined with cephalgia, pain in the hands in the hands, compression of the breast, the cervical fraternal region of the back loses its sensitivity. The state of weakness, fatigue, lack of strength in the muscles of the upper limbs.
Table. Classification of osteochondrosis of the cervical region.
| Stage | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| 1 degree | The neck of the neck is slightly smoothed. The appearance of pain, increasing when moving the head. The appearance of a tense state and weakness in the muscles of the lumbar region. |
| 2 degrees | It is reduced to the size of the fibrous and chrysian formations that compress the nerve branches. The pain is radiated in the shoulders, the arms, and the neck moves. Cefalgic syndrome, the feeling of fatigue, distraction, development and performance is reduced. |
| 3 degrees | Pain sensations of constant nature in the upper limbs, cervical and shoulder hotels. There is muscle weakness, numbness of the limbs. Hernia is formed from intervertebral discs. The neck is inactive, dizziness appears. |
| 4 degrees | Fibrous and Christlin formations are destroyed. The binding fibers replace the destroyed cartilage. The destruction process can simultaneously affect more than one vertebra segment. The patient is completely disoriented, pain and dizziness increase. |
What is the danger of the disease?
The pathology harms the whole human body. With osteochondrosis, blood vessels, nerve roots are tightly drained, leading to discardial encephalopathy, cephalgic syndrome develops, pathologies of heart rhythm, visual, respiratory systems, concentration and coordination processes are caused.
The disease tends to cause:
- various pathologies of the brain;
- a number of vestibular, vascular, vegetative natural disorders;
- Acute disorder of spinal circulation with the development of ischemia or hemorrhage (spinal stroke).
Diagnostics
Ways to diagnose disturbances of intervertebral discs.
- RadiographySIt is not effective enough at the last stage of the disease.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)SA method of study that carries detailed information on the presence of deviations, pathologies of the bone structure, connective tissue, whether there is hernia, with clarification of its size, location and growth.
- Computed tomography using contrastSAllows you to determine the pathology in the vertebrae. The disadvantage of such a study is the inability to determine the presence of compression of the spinal cord.
- UltrasoundSThe effectiveness of this method is to determine the decrease in blood circulation through the blood vessels.
Treatment characteristics
In the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical region, they are based on the degree of disease, its characteristic clinical manifestations and form. Treatment can be performed as:
- non -surgical therapy, the purpose of which is to eliminate the symptoms, manifestations of the disease to relieve the patient's condition, using medicines and physiotherapy, therapeutic exercises, massage;
- Surgery;
- combination therapySIn this method, surgical intervention is performed with more medication treatment.
After diagnostic examination, the specialist makes a definitive diagnosis and prescribes the necessary treatment depending on the clinical picture of the disease. In general, if the disease is in a stage that does not require surgical surgery, complex therapy is prescribed, which involves taking medication, performing therapeutic exercises and undergoing the treatment course for massage.
Medication
The doctor prescribes medicines aimed at eliminating the symptoms of pain, foci of inflammation and muscle tension, restoration of cartilage tissues, filling the body with vitamin-mineral complex in the form of capsules, injections, fat.
Therapeutic physical culture (exercise therapy)
Medical physical education is prescribed for the restoration of blood circulation in the cervical region. The movements should not be sharp, with excessive rotation or bending of the head. It is necessary to imitate the listed movements. The exercises are performed no more than two minutes. The healing complex of exercises includes the slopes of the head back and forth without taking the action to the end.
Basic exercises used to treat osteochondrosis.
- The posture of "lying" of the stomach is acceptedSThe hands rest on the floor and the head and torso rise. The back remains straight. You need to be in this position for about two minutes at 2-3 approaches.
- The posture of "lying" of the stomach is acceptedSThe hands extend through the body. The heads of the head are made to the right and left, trying to touch the floor with the ear. 6-7 approaches for each country.
- A "sitting" posture is acceptedSWith inhalation, the slope is done forward as it tries to extend to the chest with its head. When you exhale, a return to its original position is made, with a slight slope of the head back. 10-15 approaches are made.
- In the sitting posture, the palms of the hands are applied to the forehead while making a pressing movementSThe head also reaches for the palms, creating the effect of resistance. 2-3 approaches of 30 seconds are made.
- Circular movements of the headwhich are performed very carefully and slowly to the right and left. Ten movements are made in each direction, avoiding dizziness.
Therapeutic massage
In the treatment of osteochondrosis, the specialist makes massage movements in the area of the cervical region, the area of the collar and the upper back. This procedure should be performed in a supine position so that the patient's body is relaxed.
The main techniques of therapeutic massage:
- Gall- A technique in which the massive arm slides over the skin with a small degree of pressure, capturing the area of the base of the head and moving at the upper back.
- Squeezing- a technique during which a stronger effect on the skin, subcutaneous tissue and the superficial layer of muscles is performed. The skin of the skin with the fingers occurs carefully, bypassing the peripheral tissues.
- Tribulation- It consists in changing and stretching the tissues in different directions for warming the skin and blood flow to the area of the collar.
- Kneading- The most difficult technique that affects the deep muscle tissue. It is performed only on the recommendation of a doctor, with caution, as it can lead to a complication of the disease.
Method of physiotherapy treatment
Physiotherapy is prescribed for the treatment of pathology of the cervical region.
- Electrophoresis of the drug-Fisiotherapy ultrasound procedure performed under a sinusoidal modulated current.
- Laser therapy- This is the method of physiotherapy that activates blood circulation, eliminates the inflammatory process, reducing pain. Laser therapy is performed to improve blood flow.
- Magnetotherapy- One of the methods that are based on the treatment of magnetic field exposure, with the influence of which the tissue swelling is eliminated and the pain is eliminated.
- Ultrasound- Treatment allows you to relieve pain, the inflammatory process while improving blood circulation.
Traditional medicine in the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine
Folk methods for treating osteochondrosis will not work. This is due to the fact that these methods are temporarily to relieve the symptoms, but not to solve the main problem - the initial destructive effect in the spine. At home, plant components can be used as a maintenance complex for the main therapeutic treatment established by the doctor.
For pain in the cervical region you can use:
- The leaves of the fly (treated with boiling water are applied to the focus of the pain);
- Raw potatoes and honey (potatoes are rubbed until a canyon is formed, mixed with honey in equal proportions and applied at the site of inflammation at least once a week);
- Mustard, pepper patch and rubbing with alcohol (used for local irritation, increased blood circulation and pain relief).
Preventive measures
In order to prevent one of the dangerous diseases, you need to follow certain rules throughout your life. Following the right lifestyle can be prevented by many diseases. However, there are situations where the disease is inherited and then it is worth taking care of your health. Dietary nutrition, enriched with vitamins and minerals, as well as moderate physical activity, will help maintain the body and even stop the development of an initial disease.
Recommendations of doctors to help prevent the onset of the disease:
- Lead an active lifestyle, participate in swimming;
- observe proper nutrition;
- Eat foods with calcium, magnesium (seafood, legumes, dairy products, greenery);
- Perform physical warm -hills daily, especially if the work is related to a permanent sitting position;
- Use special orthopedic pillows and a sleep mattress.
At any age, with osteochondrosis, it is worth regularly conducting a body examination, as well as to conduct a therapeutic physical culture with regular massage, then with the disease that you can live for a long time and with comfort.